Introduction: Why “Beyond E. coli” Matters For decades, E. coli has been the undisputed workhorse of microbial biomanufacturing. From recombinant insulin in the 1980s to a vast array of enzymes, antibody fragments, and research proteins, E. coli has set the standard for scalability, cost efficiency, and genetic tractability. Yet as the biologics landscape becomes increasingly complex—spanning full-length antibodies, […]